联想集团首席执行官杨元庆演讲稿
文章摘要：联想集团首席执行官杨元庆在亚布力中国企业家论坛发表过一次演讲，中国知名企业家与学者都在那里聚集。当时讲的是“联想不并购难有今日的规模”。此次大会的主题是“未来的商业机会”。以下为杨元庆演讲全文：
杨元庆：
各位下午好，有好几年没有来亚布力了。几年前东升刚刚接任的时候跟我说要把亚布力搞成达沃斯，我当时将信将疑，因为当时各种设施都很不健全，组织工作不敢说混乱，但是也绝不敢恭维，吃也吃不好，当时和丁健、曾强晚上不得不到农家炕上品尝东北乱炖的滋味，现在乱炖已经记不太清了，能记得清的是成就了一段姻缘。今天是五六年之后重回亚布力，真的为东升和他的运营团队鼓鼓掌，今天的设施和运营能力都是达沃斯级的，能够把这么多的知名企业家和学者召集在一起，新老朋友一年一度在这里团聚、交流，建立友情、寻找商机、激荡思想，这本身就是一种成功，当然，如果有好姻缘的话就是锦上添花了。
这次大会的主题是“未来的商业机会”，大家都是各抒己见，我也非常受启发，前一段时间在国外，听说海南要建旅游岛，房产要回升，所以这次春节回来就想把握把握机会，但是已经晚了，泡沫都快破了。
所以有两个体会，机会呢，是你的就是你的，不是你的，想也白想。二是真正的商机，不能乱说，天机不可泄漏，人人都认为是商机的时候它就不再是商机了。但是，说还得说，不说就冷场了，但是说的好处有几个，一个是可以做广告，可以是王婆卖瓜自卖自夸，而且有的时候大家可以领悟商机，创造商机。
我知道大家对联想最关心的就是我们并购IBMPC业务的话题，是机会还是陷阱，是成功还是失败。也许今天做盖棺定论还是太早了，由我来做这个结论也不太合适，因为大家都知道，我是这个交易的始作俑者，坚定的拥护者，也是执行者。但是可能大家也想听听我这个执行者的感受和体会，所以今天就来谈谈这个。
今天我最大的感受是，如果我们当初不做这个交易，就太可惜了，所以如果我今天再做决定，可能还是同样的。如果没有这次交易，我不相信联想可以从短短的三十年内成为150亿美元规模的公司。不错，我们今天的利润大多数是来自于大本营中国。但是对于我们这个行业来说，规模就决定了采购的成本，也就决定了利润。如果我们没有海外超过50%的营业额，国内的利润也会受到非常大的影响。看看现在国内其他厂商的境遇，你大概就会同意我的观点了。
更重要的是，这次交易为我们建立了一个海外市场的桥头堡和滩头阵地，对于一个依赖于消费者的企业来说，建立品牌是至关重要的，而且是相当困难的。借助于IT产业的龙头企业，IBM的品牌效应，我们有一个推广联想品牌的捷径，随着整合和消化过程的完成，今年我们在海外商用电脑市场已经有了非常稳固的地位。金融危机面前，我们也开始稳定的获利，而基于这样的一个桥头堡，我们也正在落实我们下一个战略，就是尽快拓展到消费PC的消费市场里去，相信随着经济形势的好转，随着我们战略落实的到位，我们海外业务的规模也会进一步的扩大，盈利也会持续改善。我们的目标是在三五年内在海外的主要市场上都有两位数以上的市场份额，接近中国的盈利水平。
大家也许会质疑，我们并购IBMPC业务的五年时间以来，为什么我们的业绩是一波三折，我们换了三任的CEO，一方面的确反映了中国企业海外并购的机会和挑战是并存的，但是另一方面，这样的过程也不太完全出乎我们的意料，甚至有些是我们预先有设置，有准备的。有些挑战是偶然的，比如像全球的经济危机，你无法预测，但有些挑战，像朱行长就可以预测，有些挑战是可以预期，可以规划、设计，进行风险控制的。比如说调整CEO，其实就是我们根据不同阶段的整合来做的规划。首先，选一个老外来做CEO实际上是我们并购初期就确定下来的，因为我们当时完全没有国际化的经营，二十多年都是在中国本土经营，英文也说的不太利索，这是一个Chance。一开始稳定最重要，要让老的IBM员工和客户不至于产生太大的振荡，要让他们信服我们的产品和服务，最好就是选用一个IBM的高管来担任CEO。过了这个稳定期之后，我们就不能什么都不变了，不变的话我们买他们干什么？我们要提升效益，我们要实现协同效益，就得裁员重组，原来的IBM总裁下不了手，因为我们就挖了一个高手，我们实现了四到五亿美元的利润。坦率的说，并购之初，尽管我们让老外做CEO的决定，但是心里还是希望在一定时间之内，在我们学习期满之后亲自操刀，让这些公司真正成为一家以中国为根的，同时也更能够体现中国人的管理智慧的国际化公司。当然，问题是这段时间有多长，我和刘总在最初的时间的想法大概是五年左右，但是实际上是不确定的，因为如果前任CEO很称职，可能就会是更长的时间。但是实际上在这个过程中，我们渐渐发现了一些问题。大家可能以为，去年年初金融危机爆发后我们是因为业绩不好来炒掉我们前任CEO的，但实际上这只是一个导火索，真正的原因是我们逐渐发现，我们的这位老外CEO太“职业经理人”了，而不是把自己当做企业的主人来经营，他是在运营联想，而不是考虑发展联想。因此，他考虑的更多的是短期的业绩，更多关注的是现成的业务，如何在现在的业务里改善。对于如何开疆拓土的战略性业务，没有太大的兴趣，或者稍微遇到挫折就后撤。为什么金融危机是导火索呢？因为金融危机致使我们在海外的主要业务，也就是我们企业客户的业务大幅度萎缩。但是与此同时，海外的消费市场其实影响是比较小的，尽管我们2007年开始就强调消费业务的重要性，但是干打雷不下雨，没有落实，没有落实也是有原因的，就是人没有用好，真正有消费经验的中国团队得不到充分利用。更要命的是，这种职业经理人的文化让过去已经习惯了以主人翁的态度来要求自己的中国团队感到迷茫和失望，如果再不采取行动，恐怕会影响到中国两代人苦心经营的大本营。这就是为什么在去年年初的时候柳总和我又重新回到公司董事长、CEO的位子上，这个决定是被动的，但更是主动的，这是为什么柳总和我都宣称这是联想发展的转折点的原因，它大大的释放了联想，尤其是老的联想中国员工的积极性和工作热情。
在过去的一年里，我们以这个大本营为基地开始大力拓展消费业务和新兴国家的市场，从中国派出去了大量的骨干，在80多个国家推出了消费类的产品，同时按照中国的业务模式去运营，起到了立竿见影的效果。大家都知道，我们上个季度公布的业绩是非常的漂亮的，五年以来我们的40%多的增长速度第一次超过了所有的主要的竞争对手，市场份额也第一次达到了历史的新高，突破了9%，在主要的新兴市场，像印度、东南亚、东欧，我们的增速都在50%-60%以上，俄罗斯更是达到了300%，这和朱行长刚才说的数据也是完全吻合的，就是我们在新兴市场的发展潜力是更大的，并且我们的利润也大幅度的改善了，把前一年负9400万变成了正9400万美元。
这是我今天想说的第一点，就是国际化，国际并购肯定是有商业机会的，但是你要准备好，谋定而后动，“谋”的基础就是要有业务模式的基础，产品的基础，人才的基础，管理和文化的基础，基于这些基础的外延式扩张是成功的关键，即使是并购，也要让并购对象尽快纳入到你的基础的轨道上来，当然，也不要急，慢慢来，一步一步来，这就是我的一点体会。
给我的时间有限，但是我还是想说说第二点，就是移动互联网的商业机遇，其实这一点也是我们和前任CEO看法大相径庭的地方，他要求我们的董事会把我们的手机业务分离出来，而我在前一段时间又把它买回来了。为什么说商业机会一定要重视呢？前一段时间我看网上天天在吵，是联通还是移动要引进iPhone(手机上网)，电信和黑莓在谈判，终于，联通的iPhone上市了，但是离谱的高价让大多数人望而却步，，美国iPhone电池不可更换也让那些买了机器的人很烦恼，内容和音乐也难以完善，所以市场火不起来，是这个市场不存在？还是没有到时机？我看都不是，运营商3G的高速路已经铺好了，就等着跑的车，运的货，那什么是跑的车，什么是运的货呢？跑的车其实就是新型的移动互联网的终端，随着3G的发展，过去传统的个人电脑已经不能完全满足人们随时随地上网获取信息的愿望了，大家迫切愿望新型的移动互联网终端的诞生，像iPhone、iPad的确是理想的终端，但是我不相信高高在上的苹果会成为启动中国大市场的引擎。而运的货就是移动互联网上的内容，新闻、视频、音乐、游戏、股票等等，苹果在美国之所以能够成功，就在于它了解当地用户的需求，从音乐开始起步，并逐渐集成了越来越多用户喜闻乐见的应用。但是到中国就没有这个优势，中国用户门户用的是新浪、搜索用的是百度、游戏玩的是盛大，即时信息用的是腾讯，等等，所以我们确信，这里对于中国本土企业蕴藏着巨大的商机，这是每年数以亿计的用户市场，不但苹果们不能独食，也不是传统的手机厂商的优势领域，事实上，我相信这个市场启动将使得手机厂商重新开始，现在居于垄断地位的厂商可能风光不再，而中国企业真的有希望像电脑，像其他家电一样在这样的市场上占据主导地位。
那么在今年1月份的全球消费电子展上面，联想就根据我们的判断亮相市场的整体战略，以及我们第一代的产品，我们称之为三剑客的智能手机，智能上网本以及二合一的笔记本电脑，我手上拿的就是现在正在适用的乐Phone，我想Phone这个词已经远远不能体现这个产品的特质，因为它的功能已经远远不只是一部电脑，实际上就是一部个人电脑，可以上互联网、看新闻、听音乐、欣赏视频，玩互联网游戏，可以把企业的邮件送到社会上去，即使网速慢也感觉不到，而且我们也专门设计了这样一个键盘，插进去的话真的就跟一个小电脑一样。所以这是第一个产品，另外大家都知道前一段时间上网本非常热，但是其实那个时候的上网本也就是一个迷你的笔记本电脑，而我们新推出的，我们称之为智能上网本的，Skylight，比它要优秀得多，大家可以看到，又轻又薄，重量不足一斤。我们采取了一些手机的设计理念，谁开谁用，永远在线，这也是一个非常好的产品。
还有一个，这个可以说是我们明星中的明星，这个在今年全球消费电子展上面是非常轰动的，不但拿到了官方的大奖，而且所有美国的主流媒体，从华尔街日报，到美国，从Fox到CNN都做了大篇幅的报道，为什么那么轰动呢？因为看似像一个笔记本电脑，但是屏幕是可以拿下来的，拿下来以后就是一个平板电脑，横着可以看视频，竖着就可以当做电子书来浏览，这上面用了另外一套芯片和操作系统，大家都知道，苹果在前一段时间推出他们的Ipad，但是市场并不怎么买帐，觉得创新性不够，但是在今年的CES上面，媒体对于我们的产品的评价是它的创新性胜过前者。
这是我前面要讲的，可以做广告，可以启发思维，共创商机。希望明年抽奖的时候我们可以拿出更好的产品。所以这不但是互联网战略的开端，也充分展示了我们技术的实力，彰显了中国创造的力量。我们的这些新产品都将在今年推向中国市场，所以我希望这不仅成为推动中国移动互联网发展的引擎，而且可以带动更多的本土企业开始关注到这个领域，开始造自己的车，备自己的货，当然，自私一点的希望有更多的货主用我们的车来运他们的货。这就是我要跟大家分享的内容，谢谢大家！
Lenovo Group CEO Yang Yuanqing speech
Abstract: the Lenovo Group Chief Executive Officer Yang Yuanqing in China Entrepreneurs Forum published a speech, the Chinese well-known entrepreneurs and scholars gathered. When talking about " associate not to the scale of today's merger". The theme of the Congress is" future business opportunities". Following the Yang Yuanqing speech:
Yang Yuanqing:
Good afternoon everybody, have several years not to Yabuli. A few years ago, just as me when you said to Yabuli to Davos, I was half-believe in, because all kinds of facilities are not perfect, the organization work not chaos, but also dare not flatter, eat not eat well, at that time, and Ding Jian, Ceng Qiang had to go to the farm at night Kang taste mangling of northeast taste, now a mass has not exactly, can remember the achievements of a marriage. Today is five or six years after the return to Yabuli, really for the East and his team applause, today's facilities and operation ability is Davos level, able to put so many famous entrepreneurs and scholars together, new and old friends reunited once a year here, exchange, friendship, looking for business opportunities, surging thoughts, this itself is a success, of course, if you have a good marriage would be the icing on the cake.
The theme of the Congress is" future business opportunities", everybody each airs his own views., I am also very suffer inspire, some time ago in foreign countries, heard of Hainan to build tourist island, real estate to rise, so the Spring Festival comes to grasp the opportunity, but already late, the bubble quickly broken.
So there are two experience, the opportunity to do, is you is you, not you, want to have white to. Two is a real business, not talk nonsense, a top secret, everyone thinks is business chance when it is no longer business opportunities. However, have said that, not just died, but said the benefits of several, one can do the advertisement, can be verified by praise the goods one sells, but sometimes we can grasp business opportunities, create business opportunities.
I know everybody to associate the most concerned about is our M & IBMPC business topic, opportunity or trap, is success or failure. Maybe today make final judgement was too early, I do this conclusion is not suitable, as we all know, I is the initiator of evil of this transaction, determined advocates, is also the executor. But you may also want to hear me in the implementation of the feelings and experiences, so let's talk about this.
Today I is the greatest feeling, if we did not do this deal, too has been a pity, so if I decided to do, may still be the same. If there is no this transaction, I do not believe that associate from thirty short years become a $15000000000 company. Well, today we profit most from camp china. But for our industry, scale determines the purchase cost, also decided to profit. If we do not have overseas more than 50% of turnover, the profit will be greatly influenced by the. Have a look now other domestic manufacturers situation, you will probably agree with me.
More importantly, this transaction as we established a bridgehead and overseas market beachhead, for a dependent on consumer business, build brand is very important, and it is quite difficult. With the help of IT industry leading enterprises, IBM brand, we have a promotion association brand shortcut, along with the integration and digestion process finish, this year our overseas business computer market has a very strong position. The face of the financial crisis, we have also begun to stable profit, and based on this a bridgehead, we are carrying out our next strategic, as soon as is to expand consumption PC consumer market, believe that as the economy improves, as our strategy fulfil reach the designated position, our overseas business scale will also further expand, profits will continue to improve. Our goal is in three five years the major overseas markets have a few more than two market share, close to China 's profitability.
We might question, we merged with IBMPC business five years of time, why our performance is striking one snag after another, we had three CEO, on one hand it reflects the Chinese enterprises overseas mergers and acquisitions opportunities and challenges coexist, but on the other hand, this process is not entirely out of our expectation, even some of our advance settings, are prepared. Some challenges are accidental, such as the global economic crisis, you cannot be predicted, but some challenges, such as Zhu president can be predicted, some challenges are to be expected, planning, design, risk control. For example, the fact that we adjust the CEO, according to different stages of the integration to do the planning. First of all, choose a foreigner to do CEO is actually our initial acquisition was finalized, because we had no international business, more than 20 years are doing business in China, English also said not too clean, this is a Chance. A start and stability is the most important, to make the old IBM employees and customers will not have too large oscillations, to convince them of our products and services, it is best to use a IBM executives to serve as CEO. After this period of stability, we will not be able to do the same, the same we buy what they do? We want to improve efficiency, we need to achieve synergy, to downsizing reorganization, the original IBM president could not do, because we dug a master, we achieved four to $five hundred million profit. Frankly speaking, M & A at the beginning of, although we allow foreigners to do CEO decision, but I still hope that in some time, in our study expires after himself, let these truly become a company with China as the root, but also will be able to manifest the Chinese wisdom of management international company. Of course, the problem is how long this period of time, I and Liu total in the first time the idea of about five years, but in fact is uncertain, because if the former CEO is competent, may be much longer. But in this process, we have found some problems. You may think that, at the beginning of last year after the outbreak of the financial crisis we are because of poor performance to fire our former CEO, but in fact it is a fuse, the real reason is that we discovered gradually, our foreigner CEO too" occupation managers", rather than themselves as masters of the enterprise to run, he is the operation association, rather than considering development association. Therefore, he is more concerned about the short-term performance, more attention is off-the-shelf business, how to improve the business now. How to explore and expand strategic business, not much interested, or slightly setbacks retreat. Why the financial crisis is the fuse? Because of the financial crisis in the main overseas business, is also our business enterprise customers substantially atrophic. But at the same time, the overseas market is affected is relatively small, although in 2007 we began to emphasize the importance of consumer business, but do not rain storm, was not fulfilled, no implementation also has the reason, is not good, real consumption experience to the Chinese team were not fully utilized. More importantly, this occupation managers culture that have been used in the past in order to master the attitude to their own requirements of the Chinese team feel confused and disappointed, if we do not take action, I will affect China's two generation mastermind with painstaking effort stronghold. This is why at the beginning of last year Liu total I returned to the company president, CEO seats, this decision is passive, but is more active, this is why I said this is Liu total associate the turning point of the development of reason, it greatly released associate, especially old Association Chinese employees enthusiasm and passion for work.
In a year of in the past, we to the base camp for the base began to expand consumer business and emerging markets, from China sent a large number of backbone, in more than 80 countries launched the consumer products, at the same time, according to China business model to operation, played to get instant results results. As we all know, our last quarter 's performance is very beautiful, five years since our more than 40% growth rate in the first over all the main competitors, market share is the first to reach the history is new tall, broke through 9%, in the major emerging markets, like India, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, our growth is in 50%-60% above, Russia is reached 300%, the governor said Zhu data is consistent, is our emerging market development potential is greater, and our profits are greatly improved, the previous year negative 94000000 into 94000000 dollar.
But I want to say first, it is internationalization, international mergers and acquisitions is certainly a business opportunity, but you have to be ready, move slow," and" is the basis for the business model, the foundation of the product, the talent's foundation, management and culture foundation, based on these basic extension expansion is the key to success, even the M & M & as soon as possible, let the object into your basic track, of course, also do not worry, take it easy, step by step, this is one of my experience.
Give me time is limited, but I still want to talk about second points, is the mobile Internet business opportunities, in fact this is a point of view we and former CEO be quite different places, he asked us board our mobile phone business to depart, I in the first period of time and buy it back. Why business opportunity that must pay attention to? Some time ago I read online every day in the noisy, Unicom is to introduce iPhone ( mobile phone or mobile Internet ), telecommunications and blackberry in the negotiations, finally, Unicom's iPhone listed, but ridiculously high prices for most people, the United States, iPhone battery can not be replaced for those who bought the machine 's trouble, content and the music is difficult to improve, so the market fire does not rise, the market does not exist? Still no time? I do not, operator 3G high-speed road is paved, and ran the car, carry cargo, then what is the running car, what is the transport of goods? Run car is actually a new mobile internet terminal, with the development of 3G, past the traditional personal computer has been unable to fully meet the people whenever and wherever possible to access information on desire, we urge new mobile internet terminal was born, like iPhone, iPad is a ideal terminal, but I do not believe that the superior of apple to start the engine of big market of china. While the goods transporting is mobile Internet content, news, video, music, games, stock and so on, apple in the United States can succeed, lies in its understanding of the local user needs, from music to start, and gradually integrated more and more users of love to see and hear the application. But to the Chinese do not have this advantage, Chinese user portal is used in Sina, Baidu search is used, the game play is grand, instant information is Tencent, and so on, so we are confident that, here for the Chinese local enterprises tremendous opportunity, this is each year hundreds of millions of users, not only apples cannot feed alone, nor are the traditional mobile phone manufacturers the advantages in the field, in fact, I believe that the market will make mobile phone manufacturers begin again, now dominate the manufacturers could no longer, and Chinese enterprise is really like computers, like other appliances in such a market dominant position.
Then in the year 1 in the global consumer electronics show, associate to be in our judgment debut in the overall market strategy, as well as our first generation products, known as the three musketeers of the intelligent mobile phone, intelligent netbooks and two laptop computers, my hand is now being applied music Phone, I to the word "Phone" has not manifested the product qualities, because its function is not only a computer, is actually a personal computer, can get on the Internet, watch the news, listening to music, watching the video, playing Internet games, can make the enterprise mail to the society to come up, even if it doesn't slow and we also designed specifically to, such a keyboard, inserted into it really is like a small computer. So this is the first product, also we all know some time ago a netbook is very hot, but in fact the netbook is a mini laptop, and our new, we called the intelligent netbooks, Skylight, than it was so much better, as you can see, light and thin, weighs less than a pound. We have taken a number of mobile phone design concept, those who prescribe, always online, this is a very good product.
There is also a, this can be said to be the star of the star, this year in global consumer electronics show above is very big, not only receive the official awards, and all of the United States of America 's mainstream media, from the Wall Street Journal, to the United States, from Fox to CNN have made massive reports, why so sensational? Because looks like a notebook computer, but the screen can be taken off, take down is a tablet computer, sideways can watch video, you can browse on as e-books, it used a set of chips and the operating system, as we all know, the apple in a period of time before they launched Ipad do not buy, but market, think innovation is insufficient, but in this year's CES above, the media for our products is the evaluation of its innovation sex is better than the former.
This is in front of me to say, can do the advertisement, can inspire thinking, create business opportunities. I hope that next year when we can come up with a better draw product. So it is not only the beginning of Internet strategy, can we fully demonstrate the strength of technology, demonstrates the Chinese creative force. These new products will be in this year to the Chinese market, so I hope it become not only promote China Mobile Internet development engine, and can drive more domestic enterprises begin to pay attention to this field, began to build his own car, making their goods, of course, a selfish hope more owners to use our the car to transport their goods. This is what I want to share with you, thank you!
(责任编辑：演讲网 yanjiangcn)
