于丹经典演讲：中国的节日（端午）
文章摘要：自古以来端午节就是我们中国的传统节日，为了纪念屈原，全国各地都要举办端午节活动，来纪念这位伟大的诗人，但是这个节日曾经一度受到非议，让我们来回顾一下当时于丹的老师的经典演讲——《为什么要过端午节》
大家好！今天这个形式很有意思，面前是一条姚江，身后是河姆渡遗址，眼前又有各种肤色的留学生，大家在用不同颜色的眼睛审视着这样一个地方，大家一起来过端午节。
今天我看见有很多朋友手上缠着丝带，胸前挂着香包，端午节在今天它仅仅是个吃粽子的节日吗？我们为什么要过节呢？其实每一个节日啊，都会让人去想到很多他自己感兴趣的东西，今天这个形式最有意思的就是，我们在用多元的文化来过一个中国的庆典。
端午节里面有各式各样的文化，端午节只不过是给了我们内心一个向不同的文化去致敬的理由。浙江这里提起端午节更多地会想起关于伍子婿、关于曹娥，而在荆楚文化中更多的人会想起关于屈原。说起屈原大家都会想起楚文化，相比于中原文化，它是儒家文化的另一个支脉。但其实我自己在读硕士的时候，我的毕业论文写的就是屈原和楚文化，从我个人的内心里，我非常喜欢也非常感谢楚文化。幸亏，在我们中国人童年的时候，有这样一种烂漫的文化、一种哀乐无极的文化、一种恣肆蓬勃、亲近生命和自然的文化，它使我们天真而赋予浪漫幻想。在我们的先秦时代，荆楚文化给了我们浪漫的梦想，屈原写了那么多的神话，在他的《九歌》里面，写了那么多浩浩荡荡的诸神，屈原这个人的生命在今天被想起仍然会让我们荡气回肠，因为这个人的生命里，包容了多少冲突，他有多少痛苦，但是他的痛苦就像一个蚌壳中的泥沙，最后酝酿成了一颗痛苦但是璀璨的珍珠。屈原这个人，从他的个人性情上来讲，他是一个楚地恣肆浪漫的诗人，但是从他的文化价值认同来讲，他是一个中原现实主义的儒家践道者。他生长在沅湘之间，从小看惯了那种华丽的衣饰和娱神的歌舞，但是他个人的梦想是什么呢？在他的《离骚》里面，他起笔就说，帝高阳之苗裔兮，他说，我是高阳氏颛顼帝的后裔，所以以我这样一种尊贵的血脉，我是要去为江山社稷担当责任的。所以在他自己学业有成的时候，他会对他的君王楚怀王说，乘骐骥以先导兮，来吾导夫先路，他要乘骐骥去驰骋天下，为君王开一条先路；而当他进言受到楚怀王的怀疑排斥的时候，他说，岂余身之惮殃兮，恐皇舆之败绩，我自己是不怕什么风险的，但是我不愿看见这个江山社稷就这么颓唐下去。所以这个人一直在痛苦地挣扎着，这样一个人直到挣扎到被流放在他的祖国郢都又被攻破之后，他写下了《哀郢》、《怀沙》，所以他只有投江，因为他自己认为，优清白以死直兮，固前圣之所厚。他觉得他所做的事情是于心所善，九死未悔。所以你看他的一生走了一条儒家的践道之路，但是他的生命性情是什么样呢？如果你看他现实主义的思想，要看《离骚》，但如果看他的浪漫之作，那要看《九歌》。到今天，《九歌》仍然是我们眼前那么华丽不可替代的一道风景。翻开《东皇太一》浩浩荡荡地天地大神，看到《东君》乘日而行，照耀整个天下，看到云中君那样的一种舒卷翻飞，看到《河伯》、《大司命》、《少司命》那种生命礼赞，特别是看到《湘君》、《湘夫人》、《山鬼》，这都是一些爱情歌曲，到今天这个画面铺开在你眼前的时候，你会觉得和中原文化是不同的，它是烂漫无极的，它是色彩瑰丽的，它是富予奇思异想的，它是对一段情感不计成本地投入。它不像中原文化讲的，叫做乐而不淫、哀而不伤、怨而不谤，一切都是中庸为美的。但是在楚文化里，生命是可以喷薄的。你去看《九歌》里面所写的《山鬼》，他甚至写了人和神之间的恋爱，他写的这个山鬼的出场，叫做若有人兮山之阿，被薜荔兮带女罗，既含睇兮又宜笑，子慕予兮善窈窕。看一看在山脚若隐若现的地方，有一个美丽的女子，她身上披挂着藤萝、鲜花，她回眸一笑的时候，神情妩媚婉转。诗人想说，难道你对我心生爱慕吗？这样的一幕，人蓦然撞见的一个美丽山鬼，这如果在我们中原文化里，那就叫是活见鬼了，见到这样的事情，肯定魂飞魄散，掉头就跑，但是在楚文化中，这就是一段瑰奇的爱情。屈原他以楚地那种浪漫滋养的性情，又以一个儒家践道者的决绝，捐躯殉国，付出生命，这个人的生命张力有多大呀！解读一个节日，它的背后总有几个不朽的名字，当我们举行一个快乐庆典的时候，总会有一些人来到我们的生命中，他们在千古之前缄默微笑，用他们的体温滋养着后世的文明。懂得屈原，某种意义上就拿到了一把打开中国知识分子心结的钥匙。那种矛盾冲突，在自然生命和社会人格之中，最终所选择的一种决绝的最后的结果，这一切都是一把钥匙。所以，今天过节我们看见龙舟竞渡的时候，这是一个快乐的节日，这是一个奔放的节日。我们需要用那种文化的底蕴来滋养我们的性情，那些从沅湘之水翩流而下走到今天的楚文化，应该还有它的性灵在今天恣肆飞扬。
我们为什么要过节呢？过节是这样一个古老的仪式，其实在现代文明中给我们一点缅怀手工时代的理由，也是件美好的事。今天，让我们以一个端午的名义去怀念那些手工时代质朴的生活。你想想，包饺子、包粽子都是一家人的仪式，都是其乐融融聚在一起。今天的流光多了很多欢庆的物质，唯独少了心里的从容；多了很多让我们骄傲的理由，甚至可以让我们狂妄，但是少了很多素朴手工中带出来的温情。所以我喜欢粽子，我喜欢手工的香囊，我喜欢七彩线绕在手腕上，祈福、祝祷，我喜欢菖蒲挂在门上，给人那样一种芳香悠远的腼怀。我喜欢屈原、喜欢楚文化，因为它的天真的性情，还是今天我们龙舟竞渡的理由，我们喜欢这一切一切来至于传说的、古典的、民间的和现在正在活着的让我们欢欣的理由，就让我们以这么多的理由一起来过节吧。祝大家节日快乐！
Yu Dan classic lecture: China Festival ( Dragon Boat Festival)
Abstract: since ancient times, the Dragon Boat Festival is our Chinese tradition festival, in honor of Qu Yuan, all over the country to hold the Dragon Boat Festival, in memory of the great poet, but the festival was once criticized, let us review the teacher of Yu Dan 's classic speech --" why Dragon Boat Festival"
Hello, everyone. This form is very interesting, in front is a Yao Jiang, is behind the ruins of Hemudu Site, in front of the students and there are a variety of colors, all with different color eyes look at such a place, everyone together to celebrate the Dragon Boat festival.
Today I saw a lot of friends hand is wrapped with a ribbon on his chest, Xiangbao, Dragon Boat Festival, today it is just to eat dumplings Festival? Why should we celebrate? In fact, every day, can let a person to think much of his own interest in things, this forms the most interesting is that, we used multivariate culture to have a Chinese festival.
The Dragon Boat Festival there is every kind of culture, the Dragon Boat Festival is just to give our heart to different cultures to a salutation. Zhejiang Dragon Boat Festival here mention more think of about five son-in-law, about Cao E, and in the Chu culture in more people will think about Qu Yuan. Speaking of Qu Yuan, everyone will think of the Chu culture, compared to the Central Plains culture, it is the Confucian school culture another branch. But my own master in reading time, my thesis was written by Qu Yuan and the culture of Chu, from my heart, I like it very much thank you very much for the Chu culture. Fortunately, in our Chinese childhood, there is such a brilliant culture, a dirge electrodeless culture, an unrestrained vigorous, close to life and natural culture, it makes our naive and given to romantic fantasy. In the pre-Qin era, Jingchu culture gives us a romantic dream, Qu Yuan wrote so many myths, in his" Jiuge", wrote so many go forward with great strength and vigour of the gods, Qu Yuan the life in today is remembered still will make us very touching, because this person's life, inclusive of many conflicts, he has much pain, but his pain like a clam shell in the sediment, finally, into a painful but bright pearl. Qu Yuan the man, from his personal temperament speaking, he is a clearly his romantic poet, but from his cultural identity, he is a Chinese realism" Confucian practice. He grew up in Hunan Province, have been accustomed that gorgeous drapery and amusing gods of music and dance, but his personal dream is what? In his" Lisao" inside the pen, he said, the God Gaoyang branch Xi, he said, I am the emperor Zhuanxu Gaoyang 's descendants, so to me such a noble blood, I want to go to a state responsibility. So in his school work has time, he will be on his king chuhuai Wang said, take the steed to pilot the Xi, to my guide, first road, he will take the steed to the world, for the king a first road; and when he counselled by Chu huaiwang suspected rejection when, he said, is Yu Shen afraid all Xi, fear of imperial and defeat, I am not afraid of what the risk, but I do not want to see this country is so low.". So the man has been struggling with, such a person to struggle to exile in his native capital and was broken, he wrote" mourning Ying"," Huai Sha", so he only threw the river, because he thinks, and innocence to dead straight, thick, solid front of saint. He felt that what he did was at the heart of good, determined. So you see his life took a Confucian practical way, but his life is what kind of? If you see him the ideas of realism, see" Lisao", but if you look at his romantic works, it depends on" songs". Today," Nine" is still our eyes so gorgeous irreplaceable landscape. Open"," land of heaven and God too go forward with great strength and vigour, see"" by day, flowers, shining the world up to now, see that a swirling fly, see" Bo"," big life"," less contemporary" that the psalm of life, especially to see" Xiang"," Xiang"," Mrs. goddess", this is some love songs, and today the picture out in front of you, you will feel and the Central Plains culture is different, it is the brilliant non-polar, it is magnificent colors, it is rich to the fantasy, it is in a period of emotional cost inputs. It is not the Central Plains culture speaking, called the joyous but not indecent, mournful but not distressing, without resentment and slander, all the beauty. But in the Chu culture, life can be gushing. You go to see the" Jiuge" written" goddess" inside, he even wrote between man and God Goddess of love, he wrote the play, called if there is a man in the deep mountain, is climbing fig, with women, with a charming look and a becoming laugh, son of Mu Yu, the good fit. Take a look at the foot of partly hidden and partly visible places, there is a beautiful woman, she was decorated with vines, flowers, with a smile when she was charming, persuasive. The poet wanted to say to me, do you love? This one act, people suddenly caught a beautiful goddess, if this in our culture of the Central Plains, the call is getting old, seeing such things, certainly stigmata, run the other way, but in the Chu culture, this is a strange love. Qu Yuan him to Chu romantic nourish temperament, again in a Confucian practice who renounces, Juanquxunguo, pay the life, the life of Zhang Li how much ah! Interpretation of a festival, it always has several immortal name, when we have a happy festival time, there are always some people come into our lives, they are eternal silence smile before, using their body temperature nourishes later civilization. Know Qu Yuan, a sense got to open a Chinese intellectual right key. The kind of conflict, in the natural life and the social personality, the final choice of a determined the final outcome, it is a key. So, today we see Dragon Boat Festival, this is a happy holiday, it is a free festival. We need to use that kind of culture to nourish our temperament, those from Hunan Province Water Pina and flow up to today's Chu culture, should have its soul in his flying today.
Why should we celebrate? The feast is an ancient ritual, in fact in the modern civilization give us a little memory of manual time reason, is a beautiful thing. Today, let us take a boat going under the name miss those manual era of simple life. You see, dumplings, dumplings are one family rituals, are happy together. Today, the many celebrated substances, but less heart calm; many let us feel proud, can even let us arrogance, but a lot less simple manual brought out the warmth. I like dumplings, I love handmade sachets, I like colorful lines around her wrist, blessing, blessing, I like flag hanging on the door, gives such a long face with aromatic. I like Qu Yuan, like Chu culture, because of it's naive nature, and today we Dragon Boat Festival grounds, we love all these come from legend, classical, folk and are now living let us rejoice reason, let us take so many reasons to the feast. I wish everyone a happy holiday!
(责任编辑：演讲网 yanjiangcn)
